Mit der 4-Stelligen 7-Segment-Zeit DS18B20 Thermometer pic16f628 Pic16f628 microcontroller-DS18B20-sensor-Uhr-thermometer basierend auf dem Projekt wurde sehr nützliche und detaillierte Erzählung.

Lead-Acid Battery Controller Circuit Lead-Acid Battery Controller Circuit The project deals with the solution of an electronic device for the control of lead Acid Battery. Lead-acid accumulators are susceptible to their excessive undercuts. The occurrence of these conditions in the lead-acid battery leads to a reduction in the life and capacity of the battery and, in the event of prolonged undercharging, the battery may become unusable. The main function of the controller is to monitor the voltage of the lead-acid accumulator and when it falls below the critical level (for 6-cell ie 12V Battery, the value of 10.5 V is normally considered) to disconnect the load from the accumulator. The second important feature the controller has is the possibility of charging the battery by connecting the AC adapter (with a voltage in the range of 16V to 26V). A ATTINY48 microcontroller can be advantageously used as the main control circuit, then other functions such as charging cycle counting, remaining battery indication, etc. can be considered. The main control circuit of the entire device is the Attiny48 microcontroller from the AVR family of Atmel. This microcontroller has been selected because it has an integrated thermometer that can be used for rough ambient temperature measurements, and also has a PicoPower mode that takes just 100 pA. At the same time, it provides enough pins to connect external elements. Block diagram power supply means the power connector for the AC adapter with DC output voltage between 16 and 26 V and input protection. The device is protected at the input from the network by a SMD fuse behind which there is a one-way transient diode, which protects the electronics against over-voltage input voltage and against excessive input voltage. The Pb-battery charging block is a MC34063A step-down converter with adjustable output voltage and current limit (adjustable by potentiometers). The possibility of realizing a switched power source controlled directly by a microcontroller was considered, but this option was eventually dropped due to safety. The output voltage of the switched power supply is enabled and set by the signals of the microcontroller, which at the same time obtains information about the output current limitation from the switched source. Setting the output voltage by a microcontroller is understood only to decrease the output voltage by 0.5 V against the set value by a potentiometer for special cases (eg higher ambient temperature, etc.).